Lithopanes are 3D printed objects that reveal an image when backlit. They are a great way to create personalized gifts, decorations, or art pieces. However, 3D printing a lithopane is not as simple as uploading an image and hitting print. There are some considerations to take into account to ensure a successful result.

• Choosing the right image: Not all images are suitable for lithopanes. Ideally, you want an image that has good contrast, sharp details, and no large dark areas. You also want to avoid images that have too many colors or gradients, as they will not translate well to the grayscale of the lithopane.
• Preparing the image: Before you can 3D print your image, you need to convert it into a lithopane model. There are several online tools that can help you with this, such as Lithophane Maker or 3DP Rocks. These tools allow you to adjust the size, shape, thickness, and curvature of your lithopane, as well as apply some filters and effects to enhance the image quality.
• Choosing the right material: The most common material for 3D printing lithopanes is PLA, as it is easy to print, biodegradable, and comes in various colors. However, you can also experiment with other materials, such as PETG, ABS, or even wood filament. The main thing to consider is the translucency of the material, as you want enough light to pass through the lithopane without compromising the image clarity.
• Choosing the right settings: The settings for 3D printing a lithopane depend on your printer, material, and model. However, some general guidelines are to use a high resolution (0.1 mm layer height or lower), a low infill (10% or less), and a slow speed (30 mm/s or lower). You also want to avoid using supports, rafts, or brims, as they can damage the surface of the lithopane.
• Print orientation: I have had the best success with lithopanes when I orient them vertically. This does pose a few challenges, specifically the small area that is actually attached to the printer bed, but a brim or a raft can help with this.
• Finishing the lithopane: Once your lithopane is printed, you can remove it from the bed and trim any excess material. You can also sand or polish the surface to smooth out any imperfections. Finally, you need to find a suitable light source to display your lithopane. You can use a LED lamp, a candle, or even a smartphone flashlight. The important thing is to place the light behind the lithopane and adjust the distance and angle until you get the best effect.